The Romans - Timelines

c.163 BC	Birth of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, one of three who reached adulthood of twelve children of Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus (d. 154), consul 177 and 163, and Cornelia, daughter of P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus, consul 205 and 194, and conqueror of Hannibal at Zama. His elder sister Sempronia married P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, consul 147.
c.153	Tiberius elected an augur. Birth of Gaius Sempronius Gracchus.
146	Tiberius serves under his brother-in-law Aemilianus at the siege of Carthage.
c.145	Tiberius marries Claudia, daughter of the father of the senate, Appius Claudius Pulcher, consul 143.
137	As quaestor in Spain, Tiberius, by diplomatic means, extricates from disaster a Roman army under Hostilius Mancinus ; the treaty is subsequently shamelessly repudiated by the senate.
c.135	Gaius marries Licinia, daughter of the lawyer P. Licinius Crassus Mucianus, consul 131, and Clodia, sister of Claudius Pulcher.
133	Gaius serves under his brother-in-law Aemilianus at the siege of Numantia. Tiberius as tribune of the people promulgates his land bill, and finally has it accepted by the concilium plebis. He, his brother Gaius, and his father-in-law are elected as the commission appointed to administer it. Tiberius seeks re-election for 132. A rabble of traditionalists, led by P. Scipio Nasica, pontifex maximus, charges out of the senate and clubs to death Tiberius and three hundred of his supporters who have gathered to hear him speak.
132	A senatorial court under the consuls for this year punishes by execution or banishment many more of Tiberius’s supporters. P. Licinius Crassus, father-in-law of Gaius, replaces Tiberius on the land commission.
131	Licinius Crassus, consul for this year, gets for himself a commission in Asia, where he dies the following year. Death of Claudius Pulcher. They are replaced on the commission by M. Fulvius Flaccus and C. Papirius Carbo.
129	Aemilianus defends the interests of Italians holding public land. He dies suddenly.
126	Flaccus stands for the consulship for 125 on a ticket to grant citizenship to individual Italians to obtain public land, or alternatively to have the right to protest against a magistrate’s decision, in which he is supported by Gaius.
125	Flaccus is consul, but is thwarted in his agrarian plans by the senate, which despatches him to help Marseilles resist the Salluvii, a local tribe. Gaius serves as quaestor in Sardinia.
124	Gaius is elected tribune of the people.
123	Gaius is re-elected for a second year. Flaccus is also elected tribune, supporting Gaius in a wide range of proposals, of which the most controversial is to offer Roman citizenship to Latins, and the same status as the Latins presently enjoy to all Italian allies.
122	While Gaius is abroad, attending to the foundation of a colony he proposes on the site of Carthage, the tribune M. Livius Drusus, with the backing of the senate, stirs up opposition to him. The franchise measure is defeated and Gaius fails to be elected for a third term.
121	With all his measures now under attack, Gaius holds a meeting to which some of his supporters come armed. The senate issues an order giving the consul powers to protect the stability of the state with force. Gaius and Flaccus, and 3000 of their followers, die.